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		<title>Maggs Rare Books Feed for Autographs and Manuscripts</title>
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		<copyright>2010 maggs</copyright>
		<lastBuildDate>Sat, 31 Jul 2010 22:53:01 GMT</lastBuildDate>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Jul 2010 22:53:01 GMT</pubDate>
		<description>Maggs Rare Books Feed for Autographs and Manuscripts</description>
		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[ROUSSEAU, Theodore (1812-1867). French Landscape Painter.Autograph Letter Signed ("Th. Rousseau") to Monsieur Tulesco, 1 page 8vo in French on thin paper, n.d.Rousseau says that he will be in Paris on Monday evening and will wait for his correspondent on Tuesday afternoon. He goes on to say that he needs 500 francs for the end of the month and that "I am counting on you." In a postscript he adds that "the pictures are coming along (marchent)."    Theodore Rousseau, the leader of the Barbizon school of painting, was one of the first artists to paint landscapes directly from nature.    Old repair on verso to a tear, slightly affecting the j of "je", the first word of the letter.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU1046.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU1046.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Th. Rousseau") to Monsieur Tulesco, 1 page 8vo in French on thin paper, n.d.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[THACKERAY, William Makepeace (1811-1863). Novelist.Autograph Letter Signed ("WM Thackeray") to an unnamed correspondent discussing his lecture plans.    1 page 8vo with half of the integral blank leaf, n.p., 14 March n.y. (docketed "1856").In his small, neat upright hand Thackeray informs his correspondent that "My friends strongly advise that I should give a supplementary lecture, and I learn from Mr. Norman that a requisition to that effect is in course of signature at present. As you could come to no conclusion the other day regarding the Lyceum, and my time is very pressing I have determined to lecture on my own account on Monday ev(enin)g."    For six month in 1855/56, Thackeray lectured in the United States on "The Four Georges". The public flocked to hear the popular writer, and in spite of some initial coolness in the newspapers's reactions, they were a great success. The income from these lectures was most welcome, and Thackeray saw the flow of dollars as a means of securing his daughters' financial security.    Slightly browned and some darkening at the bottom, possibly from previous mounting, below the signature.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3373.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3373.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("WM Thackeray") to an unnamed correspondent discussing his lecture plans.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[CHAGALL, Marc (1887-1985). Russian-born Artist.Autograph Letter Signed ("Marc Chagall") to a Monsieur Zervas, 1 page 8vo in French written vertically on the entire "correspondance" side of a picture postcard showing a valley in the Auvergne. n.p., n.d. (probably 1930's).Chagall had evidently been asked by his correspondent to give his opinion of the sculptor Aristide Maillol, celebrated for his calm and monumental female nudes. Maillol, a quarter of century Chagall's senior, had begun his career as a painter and tapestry maker, and turned to sculpture at the age of forty when his eyesight began to fail. He was a lifelong friend of Matisse and while not especially close to Chagall the two men certainly knew each other. Chagall had lived in Paris for many years, and as this postcard demonstrates was fluent in French, but here expresses his diffidence about writing in French for publication.    Trans: "Thank you for your compliments and for the invitation to express my opinion on Maillol. Here are a few lines (not present). Unfortunately, I lack some words necessary to translate them into French. I therefore send them to you in Russian, hoping that you will excuse me. Perhaps Mr. Lissim (for example) will be good enough, I thank him in advance, to translate my ordinary words while trying to retain their simplicity. I would be very grateful if you could show me the translation beforehand . . ."]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3714.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3714.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Marc Chagall") to a Monsieur Zervas, 1 page 8vo in French written vertically on the entire "correspondance" side of a picture postcard showing a valley in the Auvergne.... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[SWINBURNE, Algernon (1837-1919). Poet.Autograph Letter Signed ("A.C. Swinburne") to "Messieurs" (the Paris committee which was organising celebrations in honour of Victor Hugo's 80th birthday).    1 page 8vo in French with integral blank leaf, The Pines, Putney Hill, 21 February 1881.Trans: "I will always be proud and happy at the honour you have done me in associating my name with the celebration of the man who will cause those who come after us to always call our century 'The Century of Victor Hugo'."    Hugo's 80th birthday was on 26 February 1882, a year after this letter was written, so the Committee was giving itself ample time to plan what was in effect a national celebration in honour of France's greatest living writer. One of the ways in which Hugo was honoured was the changing of the name of the street where he had lived for several years from the Avenue d'Eylau to the Avenue Victor Hugo.    Swinburne deeply admired Hugo, and often referred to him as "the Master". A year after Hugo's death in 1885 he published a penetrating study of his life and work.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3900.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3900.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("A.C. Swinburne") to "Messieurs" (the Paris committee which was organising celebrations in honour of Victor Hugo's 80th birthday).]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[SHELLEY, Pency Bysshe (1792-1822). Poet.Autograph Cheque Signed ("Percy Bysshe Shelley"), drawn on Messrs. Brookes and Co of 25 Chancery Lane, directing them to pay &#163;38.12s.9d. to "I.S. Wright Esqr. or bearer."    1 page narrow oblong 8vo, London 28 February 1818.The Shelley family, including Claire Clairmont, had spent 1817 at Albion House, Marlow, where Shelley wrote his long revolutionary poem Laon and Cythna , later retitled The Revolt of Islam . By the begining of 1818 financial and health problems decided him to leave Engand for Italy, and after giving up Albion House at the end of January Shelley moved into rooms at 119 Great Russell Street, his last address in England. He, Mary and Claire spent a few cheerful weeks with their children in London visiting the opera, theatres and museums, before leaving for Italy on 11 March. In his last weeks in England Shelley gave instructions to his bankers Brookes for the settling of some of his unpaid bills, and this cheque appears to be an example. Before his departure he displayed considerable ingenuity in his attempts to avoid his father-in-law William Godwin, who was, as usual, asking him for money.    Cancellation marks on Shelley's signature, not affecting its clarity. Slightly browned at the left edge, and mounting traces on the verso, but overall a pleasing little manuscript.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 09 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5483.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5483.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Cheque Signed ("Percy Bysshe Shelley"), drawn on Messrs. Brookes and Co of 25 Chancery Lane, directing them to pay &#163;38.12s.9d. to "I.S. Wright Esqr. or bearer."]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[ALLENBY, Edmund, Viscount (1861-1936). Field-Marshal.Autograph Letter Signed ("Allenby"), as High Commissioner for Egypt, to "My dear Gary" (the American diplomat Hampson Gary, appointed Consul General at Cairo with responsibility for Palestine and Syria 1917-1919), thanking him for his New Year's gift of a book on Washington, and commenting on the situation in Egypt, "a troublous country".    2 pages 4to on letterhead of the High Commisioner for Egypt, with autograph envelope (stamp removed), Cairo, 20 January 1925."I fear I have never thanked you and Mrs. Gary for your kind thought in sending, at the New Year, the charming book descriptive of your Capital . . . Egypt is much changed, since you left; but it remains a troublous country, and - as you know - we have had tragic events. However, I am always hopeful; and I have no fears for the future, if we keep our heads and our courage up. . . Owing to pressure of politics, I fear, I shall not be able to go to the Sudan this Spring, so we shall not be able to run away for the unpleasant months of January and February . . ."    Early the previous year, elections in Egypt had brought the nationalist Wafd Party to power. Anti-royalist and striving for independence from British domination, this led to many tensions in the country, which finally came to a head in November 1924 with the assassination of the sirdar (military commander) Sir Lee Stack. Allenby, as High Commissioner for Egypt and the Sudan, imposed some order on the situation, but in June 1925 finally returned to England and retirement.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 08 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5523.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5523.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Allenby"), as High Commissioner for Egypt, to "My dear Gary" (the American diplomat Hampson Gary, appointed Consul General at Cairo with responsibility for Palestine and... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[CORNWALLIS, Charles, Marquis (1738-1805). General; capitulated to the Americans at Yorktown.Autograph Letter Signed ("Cornwallis"), as Governor-General of India, to "Dear Grenville" (identified at the foot of the letter as Maj. Gen. Grenville), commenting on the news of George III's recovery and requesting an introduction to the Duke of York for Col. Macleod.    3 pages 4to, Calcutta, 16 August 1789.George III's illness, which surfaced in the autumn of 1788, resulted in a grave political crisis. It was anticipated that the Prince of Wales might well have to be declared Regent, an eventuality which would certainly have led to the advancement of Charles James Fox and the dismissal of William Pitt. However, the King recovered and a service was held at St. Paul's on St. George's Day, 23 April 1789. The inevitable Regency would not be declared for another twenty years. Cornwallis had a most distinguised career after the debacle of Yorktrown, for which he was not personally blamed, and served as Governor-General of India and Viceroy of Ireland.    ". . . When . . . the late calamitous state of the King's health and many other matters of no little consequence first reached our ears, I determined to form no judgement . . . until I heard from my friend Grenville. When therefore the first ship arrived, I eagerly passed over all my letters, that I might open yours the first, but alas ships came after ships, packets after packets were passed over, but the long expected letter never appeared. I guess your apology, that you had nothing pleasant till the King's recovery to impart, but people wish to know even the worst. Thank God however it is all now well over.    Col. Macleod who goes home in this packet is very desirous of being introducd to the Duke of York; He has served in this Country during the late war in situations of some consequence, and I feel myself much indebted to him for his care of the 73rd regt., his assistance in the general discipline of the army, and above all for his strict attention to my regulations when he commanded in the Vizier's territories, where the greatest iniquities used to be practised. If you can without impropriety introduce him to the Duke, and obtain a favorable reception, you will much oblige me. . . "    Colonel Norman MacLeod, chief of the clan MacLeod, had inherited a great name and huge debts. He joined the army and was ]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5317.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5317.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Cornwallis"), as Governor-General of India, to "Dear Grenville" (identified at the foot of the letter as Maj. Gen. Grenville), commenting on the news of George III's... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[DIPLOMACY IN THE HUNDRED YEARS WARSafe conduct issued by John Croft and Wiliam Lyle, councillors, and Nicholas de Ryssheton, doctor in law, as ambassadors of Henry IV, to the emissaries of the Duchess of Burgundy, Countess of Flanders and Artois, enabling them to freely come and go into Artois, Boulonais, and Guines, in order to treat of commerce with England and Flanders, under the terms granted by their earlier safe-conduct.    1 page long folio on vellum, c. 15 1/2 by 12 1/2 ins, in French but with the terms of the ambassadors' commission given in Latin, written in a neat secretary hand with flourished ascenders in the first line and the initial letter "J" (of "Johan") drawn as an elongated fish. The armorial seals of the three ambassadors in red wax (a small part of the central seal lacking but otherwise good and intact impressions) are attached by the original velllum tags.    Calais, 26 September 1404.The document recites the terms of the ambassadors' commission, as issued by King Henry IV on 22 July 1403. The mission conducted by the canon lawyer and diplomat Nicholas de Ryssheton and his companions was one of a series of negotiations held by him at Calais with emissaries from the Countess of Flanders (Margaret of Dampiere, widow of Philip the Bold of Burgundy) in an attempt to secure a commencial treaty. These negotiations lasted, in stages, until June 1405, and met with no success; Ryssheton returned briefly to England as early as October 1404 to inform the king "of the complete lack of progress even as to an agenda" (R.G. Davies, ODNB). Nicholas de Ryssheton (d. 1413) was a successful and asccomplished canon lawyer and diplomat, who owmed some important manuscripts.    An unusual and attractive document. Diplomatic safe-conducts of this period are rare. The document has been mounted on cream board, but is unframed.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5395.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5395.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Safe conduct issued by John Croft and Wiliam Lyle, councillors, and Nicholas de Ryssheton, doctor in law, as ambassadors of Henry IV, to the emissaries of the Duchess of Burgundy, Countess of... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[EDWARD VIII, (1894-1972). King of Great Britain and Ireland 1936; later Duke of Windsor.Typed Letter Signed ("Edward Duke of Windsor") to J. David Penn, 1 page 4to marked "Copy", Waldorf-Astoria Towers, New York, 29 April 1958.An interesting letter, concerning the appointment of David Penn as Executive Secretary of the Fund for the Windsor Awards, apparently a charitable foundation. As far as we are aware, nothing much ever came of this idea. This letter, evidently a legal carbon copy signed by both the Duke and Penn, has 3 lines crossed out in pencil, the correction initialled "E" by the Duke in the margin.    ". . . As I have told you, we contemplate the Windsor Awards being inactive for at least the next few months while we have under consideration what further activities it may engage in . . . In the event that it may come to your attention that there is some larger public relations work that I might require, would you contact me - . . ."]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU1751.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU1751.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Typed Letter Signed ("Edward Duke of Windsor") to J. David Penn, 1 page 4to marked "Copy", Waldorf-Astoria Towers, New York, 29 April 1958.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[CARLYLE, Thomas (1795-1881). Essayist and Historian.Receipt Signed ("T. Carlyle"), partly over a violet penny duty stamp, acknowledging that he has received &#163;521.12s. from the publishers Chapman and Hall, "being the amount due to me for the royalty and use of the stereotype plates for my works printed from Jany 1 to Decr 31 1859."    1 page oblong 8vo, 5 Cheyne Row Chelsea, 3 April 1860.The first two volumes of Carlyle's Frederick the Great had appeared in 1858 to great critical (and financial) success. These royalty payments probably largely derive from immediate reprints of the work. ]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU1775.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU1775.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Receipt Signed ("T. Carlyle"), partly over a violet penny duty stamp, acknowledging that he has received &#163;521.12s. from the publishers Chapman and Hall, "being the amount due to me for the... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[BERTHIER, Louis Alexandre, Prince of Wagram and Neuchatel (1753-1815). French Marshal.Letter Signed ("Alex Berthier") as Minister of War, a certified true copy of a letter written by the prefect of the Departement of the Bouche du Rhone, Charles Delacroix, ordering the payment of 40 centimes per day to army scouts in lieu of the meat and wine which had been accorded to them    1 page folio in French on paper with a military vignette at the head of lances, a wreath and a cap. War Department, Paris, 3 fructidor an 10 (21 August 1802).In 1802 France was enjoying a rare, brief period of peace and a prosperity brought about in part by clever economic manipulation on the part of the First Consul. In this letter, the Prefect of the Bouche du Rhone, Charles Delacroix obviously intends to save money without fear of rebellion on the part of the army scouts involved.    Charles Delacroix, whose signature has been copied as part of this certified copy, was nominally the father of the painter Eugene Delacroix. However, it is generally accepted that a simple calculation shows that he could not have fathered the painter, and the real father was almost certainly his wife's admirer, Talleyrand.    Trans: ". . . the full details of my decree of the 11th inst., announcing that 40 centimes per day will be paid to each of the scouts to replace the meat and the wine which were accorded to them by the decree of the Consul dated the 14th messidor last. The saving which will result from the measure made me decide to adopt it. I hope that it will convince you to adopt it. I send by the same courier a copy . . . to the Minister of the Interior and ask him to kindly give the orders that funds be placed at my disposal as soon as possible so that I can make payment of these 40 centimes. I would be greatly obliged if you would add your voice in this matter so that I can receipt these funds promptly. Signed Ch. Delacroix."    Slight wearing at head and foot, not affecting the attractive appearance of the document.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU2981.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU2981.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Letter Signed ("Alex Berthier") as Minister of War, a certified true copy of a letter written by the prefect of the Departement of the Bouche du Rhone, Charles Delacroix, ordering the... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[LAMARTINE, Alphonse de (1790-1869). French Romantic Poet.Autograph Letter Signed ("Lamartine"), to an unnamed correspondent, evidently a fellow writer, 1 page 8vo in French, n.p., n.d.Trans: "Can you add to your kindness by translating this announcement (not present) into English for me for the London papers? I will try to have it inserted in Galignani (a Fench literary journal) . . I am writing in bed, held there for the past two hours by my migraine."    Lamartine achieved fame with his first publication, Meditations Poetiques , in 1820. He is one of the few French literary figures to have pursued a literary career, and briefly headed the provisional government after the February Revolution of 1848.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3127.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3127.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Lamartine"), to an unnamed correspondent, evidently a fellow writer, 1 page 8vo in French, n.p., n.d.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[WALLACE, Edgar (1875-1932). Novelist and Playwright.Autograph List of twelve of his novels, unsigned and undated, written on paper with the printed heading of Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street.    1 page 8vo, with an envelope inscribed in another hand "Edgar Wallace's list of his own works in order of merit."Edgar Wallace, the illegitimate son of two actors, was brought up by a Billingsgate fish porter and left school at the age of twleve. The first of his phenomenonally successful suspense novels, The Four Just Men , was published in 1905. He here lists it first in order of merit, followed by Crimson Circle , On the Spot , and The Ringer . For many years Wallace was perhaps the popular novelist in the Engliosh speaking world; his best books still bear re-reading, and not only for their period flavour.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5163.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5163.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph List of twelve of his novels, unsigned and undated, written on paper with the printed heading of Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[PALMERSTON, Henry John Temple, Lord (1784-1865). Prime Minister.Henry John Temple, Lord (1784-1865). Prime Minister.Letter Signed ("Palmerston"), as Foreign Secretary in Lord John Russell's Whig government, to the Baron de Hugel, the Wurtemburgish envoy to Britain, regarding the Baron's temporary absence in Wurtemburg.    2 pages folio with integral blank leaf, Foreign Office, 19 July 1847.Palmerston acknowledges the Baron's letter ". . . acquainting me that you are about to repair to Wurtemberg on leave of absence granted to you by your Government. I have not failed to lay your Letter before The Queen; and I beg to state to you that on any matters concerning the interests of our respective Countries, which may arise during your absence, I shall be happy to communicate with the Baron Linden, whom you propose to leave in charge . . ."    The following year saw one of the greatest upheavals in modern European history, as country after country was rocked by revolution. Wurtemberg was not unaffected, although the essentially right-wing government quickly reasserted itself. Palmerston, a liberal who felt it England's duty to be the "champion of justice", viewed most of these revolutions with considerably greater equanimity than most other European ministers of the day.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5183.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5183.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Letter Signed ("Palmerston"), as Foreign Secretary in Lord John Russell's Whig government, to the Baron de Hugel, the Wurtemburgish envoy to Britain, regarding the Baron's temporary absence in... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[LAUNEY, Bernard de (1740-1789). Governor of the Bastille.Document Signed and annotated ("Recu Launey"), a receipt for his salary and expenses, amounting to 989 livres and 14 sous paid to him for the third quarter of 1787. Also signed by M. Dupuget, M. DeLorne and M. Miray, who had also been paid, the total disbursements coming to 1979 livres and 8 sous.    1 page 4to, n.p. (Paris), 1787.Bernard de Launey, son of the governor of the Bastille and, from 1776, governor himself, was born in the redoubtable fortress.    By the time this document was signed, France was already in ferment. Necker, the very able finance minister had been banished, and the government's coffers were severely depleted by the country's participation in the American war.    Two years later, the situation finally came to a head as rebels, looking for ammunition and gunpowder, converged on the Bastille. Launey's fate at the end of the events of 14 July was grim. He was attacked by the mob, killed, dismembered and his head displayed on a spike.    An unusual piece.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5381.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5381.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Document Signed and annotated ("Recu Launey"), a receipt for his salary and expenses, amounting to 989 livres and 14 sous paid to him for the third quarter of 1787. Also signed by M. Dupuget, M.... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[MORTIER, Edouard, duc de Trevise (1768-1835). French Marshal.Autograph Letter Signed ("Ed: Mortier") to an unnamed General, expressing his pleasure at the news of the coup d'etat ten days earlier which brought Bonaparte to power.    3 pages 4to in French, Headquarters, Nils (?), 28 Brumaire an 8 (19 November 1799).A letter written just ten days after Napoleon's rise to power as First Consul.    The night of 9-10 November saw a coup d'etat which toppled the corrupt and incompetent Directory and marked the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Five years later, Napoleon would become Emperor; ten years later, he was to marry Marie Louise, niece of Marie Antoinette. But at the time of the coup he was seen by Mortier as the saviour of republican principles.    Mortier had fought in the two great battles which secured the revolution, Jemappes and Fleurus, and shortly before writing this letter had fought under Massena in Switzerland. France had suffered a series of defeats at the hands of the Russians which saw its Italian conquests dwindle; however, Massena's victory in Switzerland marked a turning point in France's fortunes.    Trans: "We have just learnt with the greatest interest, General, the decision which you have taken in Paris, a decision which has irrevocably saved the Republic: we still tremble at the dangers which threatened Bonaparte and the whole army rejoices to see at the head of the state the true Restorer of Liberty. Too much and for too long have we endured the degrading yoke of a few ... for whom the word country has always been meaningless, beings who only find life in turmoil and in revolutionary measures the means to save the public cause.    Citizen Benoit Mondicourt, my relative . . . was discharged ten months ago, after 44 years of service and three years of captivity in Hungary as a prisoner of war . . . I have just sent him a letter of recommendation addressed to you, as I am certain that it is possible to have him reinstated immediately . . . I told you some time ago of the great need I had to deal with some family matters at home . . . now that the snow renders all military operations in this country impossible, you would oblige me if you could find the means to allow me to spend six weeks at home. . ."    In excellent condition.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU4179.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU4179.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Ed: Mortier") to an unnamed General, expressing his pleasure at the news of the coup d'etat ten days earlier which brought Bonaparte to power.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[GERARD, Francois, Baron (1770-1837). Painter.Autograph Letter Signed ("F. Gerard") to an unidentified Baron, recommending Mr. Richter, a young German painter, admired by Alexandre von Humboldt.    1 pages 4to with integral blank leaf, in French, n.p., 8 November 1828.Gerard asks his correspondent to look with favour on (trans:) ". . . Mr. Richter, a young German painter who has already shown remarkable talent in his Art. He is leaving for Munich and would greatly value a few words of recommendation from Your Excellency. I have the pleasure of knowing for some years this worthy young man, whom Mr. A(lexan)dre de Humboldt told me recently he found worthy of note, and I assure you he is in every respect worthy of your protection. . ." Gerard signs himself as "P(ein)tre du Roi", a position granted to him by the restored Louis XVIII.    Early in his career, Gerard was a protege of David, and he went on to become one of the pre-eminent painters of the Napoleonic period. Indeed, it would be quicker to draw up a list of the major figures whose portraits he did not paint than those he did: from Napoleon himself, and his family, Madame Mere, Caroline, Murat, Ney, Mme. Recammier, Mme. Tallien. After Waterloo, his sitters included not only the restored Bourbon monarchs, but also Wellington and Canning. Gerard's immense historical painting of the Battle of Austerlitz was particularly appreciated by Napoleon.    The great naturalist and explorer, Alexander von Humboldt lived in Paris until 1827, so his recommendation for Mr. Richter would have been slightly out of date by November of the following year. It is impossible to state with certainty the recipient of this letter, but mention of Alexander von Humboldt suggests that it might have been his elder brother, the philosopher and diplomat Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5148.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5148.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("F. Gerard") to an unidentified Baron, recommending Mr. Richter, a young German painter, admired by Alexandre von Humboldt.]]></title>
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		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[CHESTERFIELD, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694-1773). Leter-Writer, Wit, and Politician.Autograph Letter Signed ("Chesterfield") to "Dear Dayrolles" (his godson, the diplomat Solomon Dayrolles, the British Resident at Brussels), wryly describing his philosophy of life after his retirement from front-line politics.    2 pages 4to, Blackheath, 25 Septembeer 1754.After a successful period as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and a less successful one as Secretary of State for the Northern (i.e. foreign) Department, Chesterfield retired into private life in 1748, largely because of his poor health. In fact he had twenty-five years of life left, which he was able to fill productively. The present fine letter, written when he was sixty, describes his pastimes and gives graceful expression to his stoicism, with the reflection that "my Philosophy increases with my infirmitys." Lord Chestefield was described by Voltaire as "the only Englishman who ever argued for the art of pleasing as the first duty in life."    "Could my letters be less dull, they should be more frequent; but what can a deaf vegetable write to amuse a live Man with? Deaf and dull, are nearer related, than deaf and dumb . . . In truth all the infirmitys of an age still more advanced than mine crowd in upon me. I must bear them as well as I can; they are more or less the lot of humanity; and I have no claim to an exclusive privilege against them. In this situation you will easily suppose that I have no very pleasant hours, but on the other hand, thank God, I have not one melancholy one; And I rather think that my Philosophy increases with my infirmitys. Pleasures I think of no more, let those run after them who can overtake them, but I will not hobble and halt after them in vain. My comfort, and amusements must be internal, and by good luck I am not afraid of looking inwards. Some reading, siome writing, some trifling in my garden, and some contemplation, concurr in making me never less alone, than when alone. But this letter runs too much into the moral essay of a Solitaire.     Changeons de These (Let us change the subject). I shall go to London in November; upon the account of Lady Chesterfield (his wife, the natural daughter of George I), and even of my servants, who not having the ressources that I have, would be very miserable here in the winter. Th]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5126.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5126.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Chesterfield") to "Dear Dayrolles" (his godson, the diplomat Solomon Dayrolles, the British Resident at Brussels), wryly describing his philosophy of life after his... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[CODRINGTON, Sir William John (1804-1884). General.Autograph Letter Signed ("W. Codrington") to Colonel Claremont, former Military Commissioner in Paris, about his award of the Medaille Militaire for bravery and discussing the different classes of the Legion d'Honneur. 61/2 pages 8vo, on blue paper, 110 Eaton Square, 23 August 1856.General Sir William Codrington was commended for his bravery during two key battles of the Crimean War. At the battle of Alma, he and the battalions of the First Light Division under his command, fought a brave rear-guard action in the face of overwhelming numbers; at Inkerman, he spotted the gathering forces of an enemy attack, and warned headquarters before holding the Victoria ridge until help arrived.The Medaille Militaire, a prestigious and rare award for a foreign soldier, was bestowed on him by the French authorities after this recommendation.    "I feel it a very great compliment that the Emperor should have given it to me on the marshal's recommendation - though I well know, not for the same service as the men - But I feel I may conscientiously wear it as an honorable distinction of war service - I should be very much obliged to you to send me, or tell Galignani to do so, the Moniteur of the day . . ."    Codrington's letter was written at the time of the debate, fuelled by the Crimean War, over the purchase of commissions for officers, leading to controversial proposals for army reform.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5254.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5254.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("W. Codrington") to Colonel Claremont, former Military Commissioner in Paris, about his award of the Medaille Militaire for bravery and discussing the different classes of... etc.]]></title>
		</item>
		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[NELSON, Horatio, Lord (1758-1805). Victor of Trafalgar.Letter Signed ("Nelson and Bronte"), as Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean, an order to "The Captain or Commander of any of His Majesty's Ships or Vessels going to England", requiring him to receive the Russian Lieutenant Alexis Harlamof "on board His Majesty's Ship under your Command, and give him a passage to England."    1 page folio, headed by Nelson's style and titles, including "Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Ships and Vessels employed and to be employed on the Mediterranean Station." The text is in the hand of and also signed by Nelson's devoted secretary John Scott, who was killed at his side by one of the first shots fired at Trafalgar. Victory at Sea, 7 June 1804.England and Russia had signed a treaty of alliance in 1801, at the outset of the reign of Czar Alexander I. At the same time the Czar maintained good relations with France, in the hope of being able to moderate Napoleon's ambitions. However this proved impossible after Austerlitz, and the defeat of the Russian army at Friedland in 1807 forced Alexander to accept Napoleon's conditions, a principal one being a complete break with England. In 1804, at the time of this letter, the Anglo-Russian alliance was still strong, and Nelson would have been pleased to transport a Russian officer to England, perhaps on a diplomatic mission. The Captain taking the officer is ordered to place him "upon a supernumerary list at whole allowance of all species of Provisions during the passage" (i.e. although not a member of the ship's company, he was to receive the same food allowance as the regular officers). The Captain who received this order has made a note on the verso that he is to give the Russian Lieutenant a passage to Englnad, "victualling him at whole allowance of all officers."    Some wear along the centre horizontal fold.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU4708.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU4708.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Letter Signed ("Nelson and Bronte"), as Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean, an order to "The Captain or Commander of any of His Majesty's Ships or Vessels going to England", requiring him to... etc.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[(GORDON, Charles George (1833-1885)). General; killed at Khartoum.Order of Service for the Special Memorial Serivce on the Hundredth Anniversary of the Birthday of General Charles George Gordon, C.B. Saturday January 28th 1933 held at St. Paul's Cathedral.    8 pages 8vo, 1933.The service, which begins with God Save the King followed by Onward Christian Soldiers, almost a predictable choice of hymn to commemorate this most religious of soldiers, ended with a ceremony in which the Duke of York, later King George VI, laid a wreath on General Gordon's Monument.    Slightly dusty, with minor rust marks at the staples, but otherwise in very good condition.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 23 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5916.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5916.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Order of Service for the Special Memorial Serivce on the Hundredth Anniversary of the Birthday of General Charles George Gordon, C.B. Saturday January 28th 1933 held at St. Paul's Cathedral.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[HARDY, Thomas (1840-1928). Novelist and Poet.Postcard Signed ("T. Hardy") with two words, "eleventh Novr.", in his hand, Hardy's reply on a pre-printed postcard saying he cannot be present at a meeting of the Dramatists' Club.    1 page oblong 8vo , n.d. (postmarked 6 November 1914).The postcard has on the verso the pre-printed reply address of H.M. Paull, the Honorary Secretary of the Dramatists' Club. Henry Major Paull (1854-1934) was a moderately successful playwright, author of such now-forgotten works as The Gentleman Whip and The Fortunes of Fan .    In his later years Hardy often enjoyed coming up to London to attend literary and social events. ]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU4967.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU4967.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Postcard Signed ("T. Hardy") with two words, "eleventh Novr.", in his hand, Hardy's reply on a pre-printed postcard saying he cannot be present at a meeting of the Dramatists' Club.]]></title>
		</item>
		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[BOOTH, Edwin (1833-1893). American Actor; elder brother of John Wilkes Booth.Autograph Letter Signed ("Edwin Booth") to a Mr. Goodale, 2 ;pages 8vo on separate leaves with a brief postscript on the verso of the first page, Southboro', Massachusetts, 24 August 1888."Constant moving from place to place, in a 'grip-sack', has caused me to neglect your note - recd some weeks ago. The very day it reached me I met a nephew of the author of the 'Actor', whose name was Vail - I forget his first name. He was rather eccentric, I fancy. (I met him but once - some years ago) for when I referred to his book he seemed annoyed and abruptly changed the subject and left me . . . I am with Barrett for a few days - he also sends his kind regards."    According to an unsigned pencil note beneath the postscript, evidently by the recipient, "This letter refers to a little volume in my collection of books entitled "The Actor" being practicallly an anonymous sketch of Junius Brutus Booth, father of Edwin."    Edwin Booth, regarded as the greatest American actor of the 19th century, particularly in Shakespearean roles, came from a theatrical family. He left the stage for a time because of the infamy associated with the Booth name after the assasination of Lincoln by his brother, but his popularity soon enabled him to resume his successful career. The Barrett mentioned in the letter is evidently the actor Lawrence Barrett, a friend and fellow actor; on tour, he and Booth would alternate the parts of Othello and Iago.    Browned at the right edge of the first page, with one or two rust marks a small split in the centre horizontal fold. Perfectly legible, with a strong signature.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 12 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5693.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5693.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Edwin Booth") to a Mr. Goodale, 2 ;pages 8vo on separate leaves with a brief postscript on the verso of the first page, Southboro', Massachusetts, 24 August 1888.]]></title>
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		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[RAGLAN, Fitzroy Somerset, Lord (1788-1855). General.Autograph Letter Signed ("FitzRoy Somerset") to "My dear William" (his older brother Rev. Lord William Somerset, Prebendary of Bristol), thanking him for his concern and informing him that "the wound is healing very fast".    2 pages 8vo, Brussels, 6 July 1815.Lord Fitzroy Somerset was severely wounded at the battle of Waterloo, a wound which resulted in the amputation of his right arm. With amazing sang froid , he recalled the orderly who was taking away the limb, demanding the return of a ring which he had been given by his wife.    Somerset had served as Wellington's aide-de-camp in the Peninsula, and, immediately after Waterloo, was recommended by him for the post of aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent, which was granted to him in August.    The letter, written less than three weeks after the battle and subsequent amputation, is understandably scrawled, but surprisingly legible.    "your letter of the 24 reached me this Morning and I am very much obliged to you for your kind anxiety about me. The wound is healing very fast, but I am by no means free from pain and I don't sleep well, nor are my spirits quite so good as they were five or six days ago. But change of scene will probably set that matter to rights. I hope to see you soon. Love to Lady William. Yours most affectly"    The letter has been annotated at the bottom "The first letter Lord FitzRoy wrote to Lord William after he lost his arm."    The integral blank leaf has been cut away, and there are minor traces of glue at the left-hand corners, but the letter is otherwise in very good condition.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 12 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5685.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5685.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("FitzRoy Somerset") to "My dear William" (his older brother Rev. Lord William Somerset, Prebendary of Bristol), thanking him for his concern and informing him that "the wound... etc.]]></title>
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		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[NAPOLEON I, (1769-1821). Emperor of the French.Document Signed ("Bonaparte") as General in Chief of the Army of Italy to Citizen Faypioul (Faypoult), sending him the list of items from the expedition to Livorno, which he may find useful.    1 page folio in French with five words in Napoleon's hand, with a vignette of an angel carrying a laurel wreath and an olive branch, Mantua, 14 ventose n.y. (but 4 March 1797).Trans: "I am sending you, Citizen the list of goods from the Leghorn expedition, and the use to which it was put, as you have followed the operations of Flachat's company, (in Napoleon's hand:) this may prove useful to you."    The operations of Flachat's company were no doubt observed closely. A firm of agents, they were accused by Napoleon of having embezzled monies acquired during the Italian campaign and of supplying the army with goods of poor quality. Five months earlier, Napoleon had sent a despatch in which he stated that merchandise from Leghorn was not selling and he had ordered the Flachat company to dispose of it, but cautioned that the amount raised would almost certainly be less than half its value. Their short-changing of supplies to the army led to a later accusation that they were in part responsible for the sufferings of the army during the siege of Genoa.    Napoleon's correspondent, Faypoult, would have been a suitable choice to investigate financial irregularities. An able soldier and administrator, he was appointed Minister of Finance by the Directory, but had served only a few months when he was sent to Genoa as Minister Plenipotentiary. Here he distinguished himself by persuading the neutral Genoese to place on embargo on British ships after Nelson had captured a French ship in the port.    The document, rather browned, is currently in an old-fashioned wooden frame.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5017.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5017.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Document Signed ("Bonaparte") as General in Chief of the Army of Italy to Citizen Faypioul (Faypoult), sending him the list of items from the expedition to Livorno, which he may find useful.]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[CHARLES II, (1630-1685). King of Great Britain.Letter Signed ("Charles R") addressed to the Keeper of the Great Seal Heneage Lord Finch, ordering the Great Seal to be affixed to a commission appointing "Our Deare Cousin Prince Rupert" as well as Finch himself, Thomas, Earl of Danby, James, Duke of Monmouth, John Duke of Lauderdale, Henry, Earl of Arlington, Henry Coventry and Sir Joseph Williamson, Commissioners to treat with the Ambassador Extraordinary and Sir John Leyenberg, Envoye Extraordinaire from the King of Sweden to conclude a Treaty between the two nations "as well for the renewing what shall be found fitting of a former Treaty made in the year 1664 . . ." Countersigned by Sir Joseph Williamson, secretary of state and privy councillor.    2 pages folio with integral blank leaf and wafer seal, Whitehall, 24 September 1674.The negotiations appear to have been swift and successful, as Britain and Sweden signed a treaty of alliance and commerce on 10 October of that year.    Sweden was, at the time, the dominant power in the Baltic, controlling not only present-day Sweden, but also what is now Finland, the Baltic states and Western Pomerania. Britain's principal commercial rival was the Dutch republic, with whom it had recently fought three wars, the outcome of which did not prove of great advantage to Britain.    Sir Joseph Williamson, who has countersigned the document, was a close ally of the Earl of Arlington. An able and ambitious man, he did much to reform government administration. He was also particularly well versed in the gathering of intelligence, and is considered by some to be a worthy successor of Sir Francis Walsingham in this respect.    An attractive document in very good condition.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5861.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5861.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Letter Signed ("Charles R") addressed to the Keeper of the Great Seal Heneage Lord Finch, ordering the Great Seal to be affixed to a commission appointing "Our Deare Cousin Prince Rupert" as well as... etc.]]></title>
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		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[(CROMWELL, Oliver (1599-1658). Lord Protector 1653-8.)Document in his name, a plea concerning a land dispute "inrolled at Westminster before Oliver St. John and his associated Justices of the Comon Bench of the Terme of Easter". Signed above the tag "Robinson".    1 page large oblong folio on vellum, c. 18 x 27 ins, with elaborate pen and wash decoration to the first three words and their initials, as well as along the left and right margins, with the major portion of the Seal of the Court of Common Bench (of which an indistinct impression only remains). Westminster, 11 May 1657.An elaborate and very beautiful document, with the very rare Seal of the Court of Common Bench, albeit in an indistinct impression on which only the recto, showing the House of Commons, bears a distinguishable image.    The document concerns a land dispute in which ". . .Andrew Hilly and Nicholas Peryn in their proper persons doe demand against Edward Giles rent twelve messuages fifty gardens three hundred acres of land thirty acres of meadow one hundred and twenty acres of pasture thirty acres of wood and one hundred acres of furze and heath with the appurtenances . . .". Interestingly, the document further refers to the fact that Andrew Hilly and Nicholas Peryn were resident in ". . . the tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances in their demesne as of fee and right in the time of peace in the time of Charles late king of England takeing thereof the profits to the value. . ." The judgement appears to have gone in favour of Hilly and Peryn, as their opponent did not appear in Court when summoned ". . . but departed in contempt of the Court and maketh default".    The Robinson who signed the document is most likely Sir Thomas Robinson who "in Hilary term 1657 . . . was able to purchase the immensely lucrative office of chief protonotary of the common pleas. This office usually changed hands for over &#163;5000." ( DNB ).    The justice presiding over the trial, Oliver St. John, had been king's solicitor to Charles I, but he was also a supporter of Parliament and a key figure in bringing Archbishop Laud to trial for treason. In 1648 he was appointed Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, a post which he only lost in 1660 with the Restoration.    A magnificent document in excellent condition.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5165.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5165.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Document in his name, a plea concerning a land dispute "inrolled at Westminster before Oliver St. John and his associated Justices of the Comon Bench of the Terme of Easter". Signed above the tag... etc.]]></title>
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		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[BEERBOHM, Max (1872-1956). Author and Caricaturist.Autograph Letter Signed ("Max Beerbohm") to "My dear Christian", 1 3/4 pages small 8vo on separate leaves, 48 Upper Berkeley Street, Tuesday, n.d. (?1914).Saying " Probably I can let you have the article tomorrow evening (Wednesday) - If not then, Thursday morning, at latest - And of course James Douglas' book will be referred to. Indeed, it will be the starting point, and basis throughout."    James Douglas, journalist, critic and editor of the Star and Sunday Express , had written a study of the poet and critic Theodore Watts-Dunton, Swinburne's minder and house-mate, in 1904. Watts-Dunton died in 1914, and it is very possible that Beerbohm, who had know both him and Swinburne well, had been asked to write an article of appreciation and intended to refer to Douglas' book.    Two small round filing holes at the head of both pages, not affecting the text.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3719.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3719.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Max Beerbohm") to "My dear Christian", 1 3/4 pages small 8vo on separate leaves, 48 Upper Berkeley Street, Tuesday, n.d. (?1914).]]></title>
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			<description><![CDATA[BERTHIER, Louis Alexandre, Prince of Wagram and Neuchatel (1753-1815). French Marshal.Letter Signed ("alexandre") to the Duc de Bellune (Marshal Victor), expressing his pleasure at a show of harmony between French soldiers and the Spanish population when celebrating Napoleon's birthday.    1 page 4to in French, Fontainebleau, 2 October 1810.Trans: "I received . . . the letter which you sent me on 17 August recounting the festivities of the 15th by the first Corps of the army. I read the details with pleasure: the unity which reigned in this instance between the French troops and the Spanish people can only have produced the best impression."    The celebrations in question were evidently in honour of Napoleon's birthday on 15 August.    Marshal Victor had been in the Peninsula for well over a year, seeing action at several battles before being repulsed by British forces at Talavera in 1809. Although some Spaniards favoured the French as liberators from a corrupt monarchy, one can only speculate as to how much of this unity between French and Spanish was genuine and how much was staged.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3413.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU3413.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Letter Signed ("alexandre") to the Duc de Bellune (Marshal Victor), expressing his pleasure at a show of harmony between French soldiers and the Spanish population when celebrating Napoleon's... etc.]]></title>
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		<item>
			<description><![CDATA[MELBOURNE, William Lamb, Viscount (1779-1848). Prime Minister 1834 and 1835-41.Autograph Letter Signed ("Melbourne") as Home Secretary in Earl Grey's Whig government, to "My dear George", concerning unrest in the Lancashire town of Clitheroe and considering whether the magistrates were justified in calling in troops to deal with disturbances.    3 pages 4to, Penshanger, 5 October 1832.A long, hasty, and at times virtually illegible letter, written at a time of great social unrest, four months after the passing of the Great Reform Bill. Melbourne had evidently received widely differing accounts of what had happened.    ". . . it apears . . . that there was such a riot as justified the Magistrates, in the absence of all Civil force, in sending for the troops, and that also that (sic) no unneccessary violence was used by the troops, when they entered the town with the Magistrates . . . it appears to me to involve a question of importance and difficulty, and which I am afraid we shall be often called upon to solve during the coming electins viz - Whether a Candidate, who is driven out of a town by popular Violence, is to be forced in again by a Military escort. In this case, as the election was neither in progress nor immediate, I am of opinion that they should not upon this ground or for this purpose have returned into Clithero . . . I should be inclined to leave all Parties to their legal remedies giving no opinion . . ."    Traces of guard at the right edge of the blank fourth page, as well as some contemporary scribbled illegible notes, perhaps by the recipient]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<author>Autographs and Manuscripts</author>
			<link>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5145.asp</link>
			<guid>http://www.maggs.com/title/AU5145.asp</guid>
			<title><![CDATA[Autograph Letter Signed ("Melbourne") as Home Secretary in Earl Grey's Whig government, to "My dear George", concerning unrest in the Lancashire town of Clitheroe and considering whether the... etc.]]></title>
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